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Sambo wrestling is a composite
style of jacket wrestling; originally developed
in Russia to serve as a common form of sport wrestling
for the fifteen different republics of the former
Soviet Union, each of which had one or more of
its own distinct styles of folk wrestling, with
widely varying rules.
It was also used as a form of
hand-to-hand combat preparation and training by
Soviet military for use in unarmed combat. Sambo
today is practiced in two flavors: Sport Sambo,
the third style of international wrestling and
a globally popular form of submission grappling;
and Combat Sambo, a method of self-defense training.
The term SAMBO is an acronym for
the Russian phrase "SAMozashchita Bez
Oruzhiya" or in English language, "Self-defense
Without Weapons." Until the official adoption
of the term "SAMBO" the sport had also been referred
to as SAM, and then later SAMOZ.
The correct, official Internationally
recognized English spelling is SAMBO.
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Combat Sambo is a misnonmer, the
techniques used in combat Sambo are dictated by
the situation at hand and in many circumstances
are the same as sport Sambo.
There are two main styles of
Combat Sambo. The style taught under the UFRS
is the same techniques as taught to Russian soldiers
at the Choboskary Military College, and the Ryazan
Military Academy of Airborne Troops. It is a style
that focuses on preparing the practioner for intense
street and battle field combat in as short a time
as possible. The goal of UFRS Combat Sambo is
survival on the street not in the ring, as such
it employs many techniques that would be considered
overkill in certain situations and must be practised
only under authorized supervision. The second
style of Combat Sambo is enclosed in a system
known as ROSS.
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SAMBO RULES OF COMPETITION UNIFORM:
A Sambo uniform comprises sambofki (special Sambo
shoes) and both a red kurtka (special Sambo jacket)
with a red belt and red shorts, plus a blue kurtka,
belt and shorts. Jacket, shorts and belt must
be matching colors (all red or all blue, not mixed).
The kurtka should be made of canvas or other
heavy material. Sleeves must extend to the wrists
and wide enough to allow four fingers held side
by side to fit into the end of the sleeve. The
kurtka should be tight fitting and extend no more
than eight inches below the belt. The belt must
be wrapped snugly around the body and must pass
through belt loops in the kurtka. Club or national
patches may be attached to the left side of the
chest area. The kurtka must have cuffs or epaulettes
(braces) sewn onto the shoulder of the kurtka,
perpendicular to the shoulder and the uppermost
point of the arm.
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A judo gi (jacket) is not the
same and is unacceptable at official competitions.
Shorts should be tight fitting and cover at least
one-third of the hip. Wrestling singlets (red
or blue) may be used, although the strapless trunks
are preferred.
Sambofki (shoes) should be made
of soft leather or other pliable material and
should have a soft leather sole with seams inside.
Rubber soled wrestling shoes are acceptable, although
soft soled Sambofki are preferred and recommended
for safety.
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